Burrell: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022